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Node.js has become a go-to platform for building scalable and efficient web applications. With its non-blocking, event-driven architecture, it's no wonder that developers worldwide are embracing it. However, as applications grow in complexity, it becomes crucial to follow a structured and organized approach. This is where Nest.js comes into play. we'll explore what Nest.js is, its key features, and how to set up a basic Nest.js application.
Nest.js is a powerful and versatile Node.js framework designed for building efficient and scalable server-side applications. It combines the best features of both TypeScript and JavaScript to offer a robust, structured, and maintainable way of creating server-side applications. Nest.js is built on top of Express.js, providing a strong foundation for your application. Here is the official website of the framework.
Nest.js boasts a range of features that make it a compelling choice for modern web application development:
Now that you have a basic understanding of what Nest.js is, let's dive into setting up a simple Nest.js application.
Before we begin, ensure you have the following tools and technologies installed on your system:
Let's start by creating a new Nest.js project. Open your terminal and run the following command:
Replace my-nest-app with the desired name of your project. The Nest CLI will guide you through project setup and offer choices for features like package manager (npm or yarn) and application style (REST, GraphQL, etc.). Select the options that best suit your project. We will use npm for this guide.
Once the project is created, navigate to the project folder:
You will find a predefined folder structure that Nest.js generates for you. Here's a brief overview:
Controllers in Nest.js handle incoming requests, define routes, and interact with services to process data. Let's create a simple controller. Run the following command:
This command generates a users.controller.ts file inside the src folder. Open the generated file and you'll see a basic controller class with a route decorator:
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
@Controller(users)
export class UsersController {
@Get()
findAll(): string {
return 'This action returns all users;
}
}
The @Controller(users) decorator defines that this controller is responsible for routes under the /users path. The @Get() decorator specifies that the findAll method should be invoked when a GET request is made to the /users route.
Services in Nest.js contain the business logic of your application. Let's generate a service for our controller:
This command creates a users.service.ts file inside the src folder. Open the generated file and add a simple method:
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
@Injectable()
export class UsersService {
findAll(): string {
return 'This method returns all users;
}
}
Now, it's time to connect the controller and service. Open the users.controller.ts file and modify it like this:
import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
import { UsersService } from './users.service'; // Import the UsersService
@Controller(users)
export class UsersController {
constructor(private readonly usersService: UsersService) {} // Inject the UsersService
@Get()
findAll(): string {
return this.usersService.findAll(); // Use the service method
}
}
In this code, we import the UsersService and inject it into the controller's constructor. Now, when the /users route is accessed, the findAll method from the service will be called, and its result will be returned as the response.
To start your Nest.js application, run the following command:
Your Nest.js application should now be running, and you can access it by opening a web browser and navigating to http://localhost:3000/users. You should see the text "This method returns all users" displayed in your browser.
We've covered the basics of getting started with Nest.js. You've learned how to create a Nest.js project, generate controllers and services, and connect them to build a simple web application. Nest.js provides a solid foundation for building scalable and maintainable server-side applications, making it a valuable tool for modern web development. As you continue to explore Nest.js, you'll discover many more features and capabilities that can help streamline your application development process.
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